2010职称英语考前每日一练［卫生类B级－第50期］

完整试卷版

　　靠前部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
　　1. How can we reduce the risk of cancer?
　　　 A) cut in　　　 B) cut down　　 C) cut off　　 D) cut out
　　2. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
　　　 A) continuously　　 B) quickly　　　 C) excessively　 D) exceptionally
　　3．During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.
　　　 A) permanent　　　 B) powerful　　 C) striking　　　 D) practical
　　4． The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.
　　　 A)puzzling　　 B) difficult　　 C) terrifying　　D) urgent
　　5. His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married.
　　　 A)failed　　 B) deleted　　 C) refused　　 D) rejected
　　6. The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.
　　　 A) quicken　 B)shorten　　　 C) loosen　　 D) enlarge
　　7． We should never content ourselves with a little knowledge only.
　　　 A) convince　 B)satisfy　　　 C) comfort　　 D) benefit　　
　　8． We should contemplated the problem from all sides.
　　　 A) deliberated　 B)thought　　　 C) described　 D) designed
　　9． His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.
　　　 A) became better　 　B)became worse　　　 C) became stronger　 D) became weaker　
　　10． If you want my advice, you should revise your plan for the trip to Beijing.
　　　 A) change　 B)exchange　　　 C) enlarge　　 D) encourage　
　　11． Smoking is inhibited in public places.
　　　 A) instructed　 B)inquired　 C) forbidden 　 D) strived
　　12. He is said to be suffering from terminal cancer and has asked for euthanasia (***)
　　　 A) acute　 B)chronic　　 C) final　 D) fatal　
　　13.I felt impelled to tell the truth.
　　　 A) promoted　 B)induced　　 C) compelled　 D) improved
　　14. It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out.
　　　 A) controversial　 B)reasonable　　 C) sensible　　 D) sensitive　
　　15. Are you positive that there’s been no mistake?
　　　 A) rational　 B)reasonable　　　 C) certain　　 D) bound
　
　　第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

An Observation and an Explanation

　　It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed ***ysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.
　　The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mother's body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. if this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.
　　16. We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body.
　　　 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　17. Most left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free.
　　　 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　18. The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left-handed ones by 22%.
　　　 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　19. The fact that most left-handed mothers hold the baby on their left side renders the first explanation unsustainable.
　　　 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　20. The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mother's body provides the most convincing explanation of all.
　　　 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　21. A baby held in the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened.
　　　 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　22. The writer's explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers' left arms than in the right arms.
　　　 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　
　　第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）
　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1——4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5——8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Caring for the old

　　The old do not have to look exclusively to the past. Relieved of some of life's responsibilities and fortified by many years of experience and knowledge, they may have a much better idea of how to spend their time enjoyably than they did in their youth. And not all enjoyment is restricted to the mental or philosophical. Healthy physical activity remains quite possible for most of us well into our later years.
　　Old people sometimes display surprising freedom and forthrightness in the expression of their thoughts and feelings, and an ability to transmit affection. It is as though some of the rituals which constrict us in earlier life fall away.
　　But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotional distress in old age than at any other time in *** life, and the gap between need and care is often filled by dubious measures, such as heavy-handed prescription of medicine. For many years it was assumed that old people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy. But a few clinicians have risen to the challenge and discovered that inpidual and group psychotherapy is just as effective with the old as with the young.
　　It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror. Yet in old age there may be terror of a very private nature, a sense of disintegration sometimes stemming from inner conflicts, sometimes from a premonition of death or the fear of becoming dependent.
　　Dependency is a grim choice: insecurity and deprivation must be weighed against loss of autonomy and integrity. But if there is nothing shameful about the dependency of a baby or a young child, there should be nothing shameful about the dependencies natural with old age and diminishing physical resources.
　　The complexity and impersonality of the bureaucratic establishments, which have the means to provide help, are often threatening to old people. The younger generation today, on the other hand, will have had many decades to interact with "the system" by the time they reach old age.
　　Many of us, including healthcare providers, assume that we know what old people and dying people want, but our assumptions are often a reflections of our won thoughts and feelings based on personal interpretations of scanty bits of observation. Such assumptions are really an excuse to avoid close contact with the terminally ill. Assuming we "know" what they want, we observe ourselves from being with them, and sharing their thoughts about the end of life.
　　We sometimes assume, wrongly, that old people are too confused or senile to be aware of the nearness of death. In consequence, communication between a dying and others is subject to extraordinary omissions and distortions. "Protecting" the dying from knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncomfortable prospect of talking about dying and death. Evasions like this only lead to increasing isolation at a time when emotional honesty and understanding are most needed.
　　23.paragraph 1___________.
　　24.paragraph 2___________.
　　25.paragraph 3___________.
　　26.paragraph 5___________.
　　A. Knowing better how to enjoy life
　　B. Freedom in expression
　　C. Psychotherapy effective with some of the old
　　D. Period of greater emotional distress
　　E. Dependency: a grim choice
　　F. Guiltiness: dependency
　　27. Old people may well be active in____.
　　28. Old people sometimes know better___.
　　29. It is a natural thing ___.
　　30. We often think that we know the feeling of a dying person, ___
　　A. how to show love to others
　　B. how to show anger to others
　　C. yet we know we are wrong
　　D. various kinds of sports
　　E. but we are often wrong
　　F. that old people depend on others
　
　　第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个优秀答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
　　靠前篇

A Gay（n. 同性恋） Biologist（n. 生物学家）

　　Molecular biologist Dean Hammer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter-of-factly gay.
　　What is it that makes Hammer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyone's personality? Hammer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hammer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our inpiduality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.
　　That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hammer's creative new book, Living with Our Genes. "you have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality." Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, "as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet."
　　Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation.
　　Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to. "Frankly, I was bored, "he remembers, "and ready for something new."
　　Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. "I'm gay," Hamer says with a shrug, "but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity-and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research"
　　31. The first paragraph describes Hamer's
　　A. looks, hobbies and character.
　　B. viewpoint on homosexuality.
　　C. unique life-style.
　　D. scientific research work.
　　32. Hamer was a
　　A. psychiatrist.
　　B. physiologist.
　　C. chemist.
　　D. biologist.
　　33. What is Hamer doing now?
　　A. He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one's intelligence.
　　B. He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one's personality.
　　C. He is writing a book entitled "Live with Our Genes."
　　D. He is trying to answer some questions on a test paper.
　　34. What happened to Hamer's research interest?
　　A. He turned to basic research.
　　B. He sticked to basic research.
　　C. He turned to behavioral genetics.
　　D. He sticked to behavioral genetics.
　　35. According to Hamer, what was one of the main reasons for him to choose homosexual behavior as his research subject?
　　A. He is a gay and he wants to cure himself.
　　B. He was curious about it as a scientist.
　　C. He was curious about it like everyone else.
　　D. It is a subject that can lead to political success.
　　第二篇

Silent and Deadly

　　Transient ischemic attacks（TIAS）, or mini-strokes, result from temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain. Unlike full strokes, they present symptoms lasting anywhere from a few seconds to 24 hours. Rarely do they cause permanent neurological damage, but they are often precursors of a major stroke.
　　"Our message is quite clear," says Dr. Robert Adams, professor of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia in August. "TIAS，while less severe than strokes in the short term, are quite dangerous and need a quick diagnosis and treatment as well as appropriate follow-up to prevent future injury."
　　Unfortunately, mini-strokes are greatly under diagnosed. A study conducted for the National Stroke Association indicates that 2.5% of all ***s aged 18 or older（about 4.9 million people in the U. S. ）have experienced a confirmed TI A. An additional 1.2 million Americans over the age of 45, the study showed, have most likely suffered a mini-stroke without realizing it. These findings suggest that if the public knew how to spot the symptoms of stroke, especially mini-strokes, and sought prompt medical treatment, thousands of lives could be saved and major disability could be avoided.
　　The problem is that the symptoms of a mini-stroke are often subtle and passing. Nonetheless, there are signs you can look out for:
　　*Numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.
　　*Trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
　　*Confusion and difficulty speaking or understanding.
　　*Difficulty walking, dizziness or loss of coordination.
　　*Severe headache with no known cause.
　　Along with these symptoms, researchers have identified some key indicators that increase your chances of having a full-blown stroke after a TIA: if you're over 60, have experienced symptoms lasting longer than 10 minutes, feel weak and have a history of diabetes.
　　As with many diseases, you can help yourself by changing your lifestyle. The first things you should do are quit smoking, limit your intake of alcohol to no more than a drink or two a day and increase your physical activity. Even those who suffer from high blood pressure or diabetes can improve their odds-and minimize complications if they do have a stroke-by keeping their illness under control.
　　If you experience any of the symptoms, your first call should be to your doctor. It could be the call that saves your life.
　　36. Which of the following is NOT true of mini-strokes?
　　A. The cause of them remains unidentified.
　　B. They seldom cause permanent neurological damage.
　　C. They symptoms of them are often passing.
　　D. They are not unrelated to major strokes.
　　37. To prevent mini-strokes from turning into major strokes, it is important to
　　A. save thousands of lives.
　　B. avoid major disability.
　　C. seek prompt medical treatment.
　　D. prevent future injury.
　　38. The passage indicates that the symptoms of mini-strokes
　　A. are always easy to spot.
　　B. are frequently hard to recognize.
　　C. usually last a couple of days.
　　D. can by no means be avoided.
　　39. All of the following may be signs of mini-strokes EXCEPT for
　　A. trouble seeing in one eye.
　　B. numbness in the face.
　　C. loss of coordination.
　　D. severe headache caused by external injury.
　　40. It can be inferred from the passage that mini-strokes are
　　A. more dangerous than major strokes.
　　B. silent and deadly.
　　C. difficult to cure.
　　D. sure to lead to major strokes.
　　第三篇

Road Trip Vacations

　　It's summer. In the United States, it's the season of swimming pools, barbeques, camping and road trips.
　　Road trip vacations where the car journey is part of the fun are especially popular with college students, who like to explore the country on wheels. These budget trips are ideal for students who often have plenty of free time but little money.
　　"Ever since I went to college, I've been traveling around a lot, exploring the country," said Austin Hawkins, a 19-year-old college student from New York. This summer, Hawkins and his friends have spent weekends traveling in New England.
　　The best part about car trips, said Hawkins, is that you can be spontaneous. "On a road trip, if you get interested in things you see along the way you can stop and explore."
　　Matt Roberts, a 20-year-old student from Ohio who drove to Montreal, Canada, agrees. "With road trips you don't have to plan in advance, you can just get into a car and drive."
　　Even with high gas prices, driving with friends is cheaper than flying. Roberts paid about 40 dollars for gas, but a round trip plane ticket would have cost nearly 400 dollars.
　　Driving trips first became popular in the 1920s. Newly paved roads and improved, cars made it possible to travel longer distances. Motels started appearing outside cities.
　　By the 1950s, car ownership became the norm. Construction of the US interstate highway system began in 1956 and motel and restaurant chains popped up1 everywhere making long distance trips easier.
　　Today, the US has the highest car ownership rate in the world. Only 8 percent of American homes have no car, according to the most recent US census.
　　Though many college students don't own a car, most have access to one. 2 On many of Hawkins' trips, they used a borrowed van.
　　Hawkins' most memorable road trip took place over spring break. He and two friends drove from New York to New Orleans to volunteer, helping rebuild the city after Hurricane Katrina hit it last July. They crossed the country in two days and slept in their car in church parking lots.
　　Roberts' road trip to Canada last winter was even more eventful. Upon arriving in Montreal, they were lost in a blizzard and shivering in the -25°cold. To find their hotel, they turned on a laptop and drove around in circles until they found a spot with wireless Internet coverage.3
　　"I know we should have planned better, but we're young. Now, when I see those guys I always say: 'Remember when we were lost in the snow storm!' I'll never forget that."
　　41. Which of the following statements is NOT true of American college students?
　　A） They have little money.
　　B） They like traveling by bike.
　　C） They like to explore the country.
　　D） They often have plenty of free time.
　　42. What will Hawkins do when he sees something interesting on a road trip?
　　A） He will turn back.
　　B） He will drive around.
　　C） He will stop to explore.
　　D） He will stop exploring.
　　43. When did motels suddenly appear?
　　A） After the work to build the interstate highway system started.
　　B） When driving trips became popular.
　　C） After many roads were paved.
　　D） After new cars were made.
　　44. Which of the following words can best describe Hawkins' trip to New Orlends?
　　A） Eventful.
　　B） Colourful.
　　C） Delightful.
　　D） Unforgettable.
　　45. The word blizzard in paragraph 12 can be replaced by
　　A） snowstorm.
　　B） hurricane.
　　C） mist.
　　D） fog.

　　第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）
　　阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。

Looking to the future

　　When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would "radiate light" and "change color with the push of a button. " food would be replaced by pills.__46__. Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? __47__.
　　The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. __48__. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: cities of the future would not be crowded, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in "airbuses", large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard of". Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. his subject was "The city of 1982".
　　If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it's probably because future study is still a new field. But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. __49__. In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers.
　　__50__. In 1957, H.J. Rand of the Rad Corporation was asked about the year 2000, "Only one thing is certain, " he answered. "Children will have reached the age of 43. "
　　A. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen.
　　B. School would be taught "by electrical impulse while we sleep."
　　C. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors.
　　D. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market.
　　E. Everyone may look to the future for it is always promising.
　　F. Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?"
　
　　第6部分：完型填空（每题1分，共15分）
　　阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个优秀答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Happy Marriage, Happy Heart

　　Happily married people have lower blood pressure 51　unhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.
　　On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappily 52people1 , according to the study.
　　"There seem to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It's not just being married 53 benefits health - what's really the most protective of health is having a happy 54 " study author Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.
　　The study included 204 married and 99 55 ***s who wore portable blood-pressure monitors for 24 hours. The 56 recorded blood pressure at random intervals2 and provided a total of about 72 readings.
　　"We wanted to capture participants' blood pressure doing whatever they normally 57 in everyday life3. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really 58 of the fluctuations that occur throughout the day,"4 Holt-Lunstad said.
　　Overall, happily married people scored four points 59 on the blood pressure readings than single ***s. The study also found that blood __ 60__ among married people - especially those in happy marriages -__61 __more during sleep than in single people.
　　"Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at__62__greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops," Holt-Lunstad said.
　　The study was published in the March 20__63__of the journal Annals of Behavioral Medicine.
　　The study also found that unhappily married ***s have higher blood pressure than__64__happily married and single ***s.
　　Holt-Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one __65 such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said.
　　51. A from B to C than D by
　　52. Amarried 　B engaged C linked Dloved
　　53. A which 　 B that C this D what
　　54. A life Bmarriage C partner Dspouse
　　55. A young Bold Csingle D experienced
　　56. A monitors B doctors C nurses D researchers
　　57. A take Bdo C make Dwant
　　58. A supportiveBactive C representative D protective
　　59. A most B lower C higher D least
　　60. A pressure Bspeed C level D flow
　　61. A stopped Bdropped C rose D ran
　　62. A more Bsome Cmuch Dany
　　63. A page Bnumber C copy D issue
　　64. Anor Bboth Cneither D either
　　65. A another B each C other D every

　　【参***】

　　靠前部分
　　1.B　　2.A　　3.C　　4.D　　5.A

　　6.A　　7.B　　8.A　　9.B　　10.A

　　11.C　 12.D　 13.C　 14.C　 15.C

　　第二部分
　　16.A　 17.C　 18.B　 19.A　 20.A

　　21.C　 22.A

　　第三部分
　　23.A　 24.B　 25.C　 26.F

　　27.D　 28.A　 29.F　 30.E

　　第四部分
　　31.A　 32.D　 33.B　 34.C　 35.B

　　36.A　 37.C　 38.B　 39.D　 40.B

　　41.B　 42.C　 43.A　 44.D　 45.A

　　第五部分
　　46.B　 47.F　 48.A　 49.D　 50.C

　　第六部分
　　51.C　 52.A　 53.B　 54.B　 55.C

　　56.A　 57.B　 58.C　 59.B　 60.A

　　61.B　 62.C　 63.D　 64.B　 65.A